Research on comparisons of various LMSs is rare but some comparisons between LMSs such as Moodle, Sakai, SumTotal, Blackboard, Canvas, and ATutor are available in the literature (Shkoukani, 2019 Xin et al., 2021). The learning platforms that were most widely used and researched during 2015–2020 include Edmodo, Moodle, MOOC, and Google Classroom (Setiadi et al., 2021).
#LAW BECOMES ATUTOR SOFTWARE#
A recent systematic review on research trends in STEM education (Li et al., 2020) indicates that ‘learning environments’ which include an LMS is one key area that will continue to evolve.Ĭurrently, 561 LMSs are available worldwide for academic/educational purposes, according to Capterra ( 2021) an international software review and selection platform. The future of STEM education can continue to be improved with innovative LMSs and technology-enhanced learning materials (Zhao et al., 2018), such as online laboratories (Henke et al., 2021), online tutorials (Rissanen & Costello, 2021) and virtual reality applications (Christopoulos et al., 2020). In addition, LMSs allow STEM educators to track learning outcomes, predict achievements (for early detection of students at risk), and then use the identified information to adapt and modify teaching practices (Dominguez et al., 2016 Hempel et al., 2020 Price et al., 2021 Sergis et al., 2017 Zakaria et al., 2019 Zheng et al., 2019).
Recent studies focussing on STEM education suggest that various LMSs and associated tools increase student engagement, motivation, collaboration (Araya & Collanqui, 2021 Campbell et al., 2020 Hwang, 2020 Jones et al., 2021), performance, retention, and critical thinking (Alkholy et al., 2015 Ardianti et al., 2020 Bernacki et al., 2020 Cadaret & Yates, 2018 Hempel et al., 2020 Oguguo et al., 2021). Many educational institutions have effectively used LMSs and continue to research the effectiveness of using various types of LMSs. The role of LMSs has gained prominence within the context of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) programs and courses over the last decade through improved access to broadband internet and advancements in online teaching and learning technologies. Educational institutions have had to adapt to restrictions imposed on physical interaction, which have precluded most conventional forms of education, assessment, research, and scientific discourse (Byrnes et al., 2021). E-learning is an area that has seen considerable growth, particularly since 2020 with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has limited face-to-face teaching possibilities for many educational institutions globally (Dias et al., 2020 Raza et al., 2021). An LMS provides interaction between traditional teaching techniques and digital learning resources, and simultaneously offers students personalised e-learning opportunities (Aljawarneh, 2020). Various learning management systems (LMSs) are available to develop, manage, and distribute digital resources for face-to-face and online teaching.
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